Forensic Analytical Methods

Forensic analysis relates to the development of analytical methods from laboratory applications to in-field and in situ applications to resolve criminal cases. There has been a rapid expansion in the past few years in this area, which has led to an increase in the output of literature. This is the first book that brings together the understanding of the analytical … celý popis

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Hlavní autoři
Paixao, Thiago R L C, Coltro, Wendell K T, Salles, Maiara Oliveira
Typ dokumentu
eBook
Jazyk
English
Vydáno
La Vergne Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2019
Royal Society of Chemistry, The
Royal Society of Chemistry
Vydání
1
Edice
Detection science
Témata
Forensic sciences
General Engineering & Project Administration
General References
ISBN
9781788014595
1788014596
Obsah:
  • Title Page Preface Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Chemical Analysis Focusing on Forensic Chemical Sensing and Detection 2. Forensic Sampling and Sample Preparation 3. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Forensics Analysis 4. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Forensic Sensing 5. NMR Spectroscopy Applied in Identification of Synthetic Drugs 6. Electrochemical Devices for Forensic Chemical Sensing 7. Scanning Electron Microscopy in Forensic Sensing 8. FTIR and NIRS in Forensic Chemical Sensing 9. Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Chemistry 10. Point-of-Need and Portable Miniaturized Devices for Forensic Chemical Sensing 11. Epigenetics to Solve Crimes 12. Future Challenges and Point-of-View Subject Index
  • Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Preface -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemical Analysis Focusing on Forensic Chemical Sensing and Detection -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 Forensic Sampling and Sample Preparation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Analysis of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris -- 2.3 Detection and Analysis of Explosives -- 2.3.1 Pre-blast Detection of Explosives -- 2.3.1.1 Portal Sampling -- 2.3.1.2 Standoff Sampling -- 2.3.2 Post-blast Analysis -- 2.4 Gunshot Residue Analysis -- 2.4.1 Inorganic Gunshot Residues -- 2.4.2 Organic Gunshot Residue -- 2.4.3 Gunshot Residues Sampling Techniques -- 2.4.3.1 Tape Lifting -- 2.4.3.2 Vacuum Lifting -- 2.4.3.3 Swabbing -- 2.4.3.4 Glue Lifting -- 2.5 Analysis of Controlled Substances and Toxicants -- 2.5.1 Urine -- 2.5.2 Blood -- 2.5.3 Hair -- 2.5.4 Saliva -- 2.5.5 Sweat -- 2.5.6 Sampling and Sample Preparation of Other Biological Samples -- 2.6 Sampling and Sample Preparation for Trace Evidence -- 2.6.1 Characterization of Glass, Paint, Fibers and Hair Samples -- 2.6.2 Analysis of Paper and Ink on Paper -- 2.7 Environmental Forensic Analysis -- 2.8 Analysis of Human Odor -- 2.9 Analysis of Human Decomposition Products -- 2.10 Nuclear Forensics -- 2.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Forensics Analysis -- 3.1 Historical Aspects of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry -- 3.2 Instrumentation -- 3.3 Applications of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Forensic Analysis -- 3.3.1 Gunshot Residues -- 3.3.2 Poison Evidences and Toxicology -- 3.4 Case Report: Scott Test and Iron Interference in Cocaine Detection -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4 Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Forensic Sensing -- 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.1 Basic Principles and Instrumentation -- 4.1.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Applications in LIBS -- 4.2 LIBS in Forensic Applications -- 4.2.1 Biological Samples -- 4.2.2 Documents -- 4.2.3 Explosives and Associated Post-blast Residues -- 4.2.4 Fibers -- 4.2.5 Firearms and Ammunition -- 4.2.6 Glass -- 4.2.7 Paint -- 4.2.8 Soil and Minerals -- 4.2.9 Nuclear Forensics -- 4.2.10 Vegetative Matter -- 4.2.11 Miscellaneous Applications -- 4.3 Challenges of LIBS Analysis in Forensic Science -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 NMR Spectroscopy Applied in Identification of Synthetic Drugs -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chemical Identification of Drugs -- 5.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Analysis of Drugs of Abuse -- 5.4 Structural Elucidation of Synthetic Drugs and Excipients Present in "Ecstasy-like" Tablets by NMR -- 5.4.1 2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-B) -- 5.4.2 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) -- 5.4.3 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) -- 5.4.4 (RS)-1-Phenylpropan-2-amine (Amphetamine) and (RS)-N-Methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine (Methamphetamine) -- 5.4.5 1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine (5-MAPDB) -- 5.4.6 N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylpropan- 2-amine (5-MeO-MiPT) -- 5.4.7 (+)-N-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine (Clobenzorex) -- 5.4.8 3-(1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino)propanenitrile (Fenproporex) -- 5.4.9 Derivatives of (S)-2-Amino-1-phenylpropan-1-one (Cathinone) -- 5.4.9.1 Classical Cathinones -- 5.4.9.2 Cathinones (3,4-Methylenedioxy) -- 5.4.9.3 Cathinones a-Pyrrolidinophenones -- 5.4.10 Piperazines -- 5.4.10.1 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) -- 5.5 Excipients and Other Substances in Drugs of Abuse -- 5.5.1 Long Chain Fatty Esters -- 5.5.2 Lactose and Sucrose -- 5.5.3 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione (Caffeine) and 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (Lidocaine)
  • 8.3.6 Questioned Document Examination -- 8.3.7 Analysis of Paints -- 8.3.8 Soil Analysis -- 8.3.9 Fiber Analysis -- 8.3.10 Body Fluids -- 8.3.11 Anthropological Exhibits -- 8.4 Discussion and Future Perspectives -- 8.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Chemistry -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Detection of Illicit Drugs -- 9.2.1 Marijuana -- 9.2.2 Cocaine -- 9.2.3 Amphetamines -- 9.2.4 New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) -- 9.2.4.1 LSD and NBOMes -- 9.2.4.2 Synthetic Cannabinoids -- 9.2.4.3 Fentanyl -- 9.2.5 Counterfeit Food and Beverages -- 9.2.6 Evidence Analysis -- 9.3 Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10 Point-of-need and Portable Miniaturized Devices for Forensic Chemical Sensing -- 10.1 Potentially Portable Standard Methods for Forensic Applications -- 10.2 Miniaturized and Portable Forensic-oriented Sensors -- 10.3 Considerations -- References -- Chapter 11 Epigenetics to Solve Crimes -- 11.1 Epigenetics and DNA Methylation -- 11.2 Body Fluid Identification in DNA Typing -- 11.3 Methods to Analyze DNA Methylation Patterns -- 11.3.1 Methylation-sensitive Restriction Enzymes (MSRE) -- 11.3.2 Bisulfite Modification -- 11.3.3 Methods for the Analysis of DNA Methylation using Bisulfite Modification -- 11.3.3.1 Pyrosequencing -- 11.3.3.2 High-resolution Melt (HRM) Analysis -- 11.3.3.3 Methylation-sensitive Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (ms-SNuPE) -- 11.3.3.4 EpiTYPER® -- 11.4 Methylation Chip Arrays and Mass-parallel Sequencing (MPS) Technologies -- 11.5 Final Considerations and Future of Forensic Epigenetics -- References -- Chapterr 12 Future Challenges and Point-of-view -- 12.1 Introduction -- Reference -- Subject Index
  • References -- Chapter 6 Electrochemical Devices For Forensic Chemical Sensing -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Toxicology and Drugs -- 6.2.1 Drug and Poison Detection -- 6.3 Alcohol Sensing -- 6.4 Explosives Detection -- 6.5 Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 7 Scanning Electron Microscopy in Forensic Sensing -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Principles of Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 7.2.1 Forming the Electron Beam and Electron Detection -- 7.2.2 Specimen and Electron Beam Interactions -- 7.3 X-ray Microanalysis -- 7.3.1 X-ray Emission and Detection -- 7.3.2 Sample Preparation for SEM-EDX Analysis -- 7.4 Operating Conditions and Limitations of SEM-EDX Technique -- 7.4.1 Escape Peaks, Pile-up Peaks and Overlaps -- 7.4.2 Fundamental Requirements for Quantitative Analysis -- 7.4.3 Versatile Analytical Possibilities of SEM-EDX System -- 7.5 Forensic Applications of SEM-EDX Technique -- 7.5.1 Image Analysis -- 7.5.2 Qualitative Analysis -- 7.5.3 Quantitative Elemental Analysis -- 7.5.4 Chemical and Morphological Characterization of Microtraces -- 7.5.5 Automation of SEM-EDX Analysis -- 7.6 Forensic Sensing, Speciation and Interpretation -- 7.7 Individual Cast to Expertise -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 FTIR and NIRS in Forensic Chemical Sensing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 8.2.1 History of Infrared Spectroscopy -- 8.2.2 Theory of IR Spectroscopy -- 8.2.3 Mathematical Theory of IR -- 8.2.4 Modes of Vibrations -- 8.2.5 Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) -- 8.2.6 Fourier Transform Interferometer -- 8.2.7 Types of IR Spectroscopy -- 8.2.7.1 MIR Spectroscopy -- 8.2.7.2 NIR Spectroscopy -- 8.3 Forensic Chemical Sensing -- 8.3.1 Explosives and Gunshot Residues -- 8.3.2 Counterfeit Drugs/Medicines -- 8.3.3 Milk Authenticity Analysis -- 8.3.4 Cosmetic Authentication -- 8.3.5 Alcoholic Beverages